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JEWISH Guba

Jewish city story of Guba

Quba Khanate (Guba) was ruled by Hussein Ali Khan in the 18th century. Under his rule, the capital was moved from Khudat to Quba which strengthened the economic foundation of his khanate. This included bringing in many craftsmen and tradesmen, many of whom were Mountain Jews from the destroyed settlement of Kulqat. They established a new settlement known as Qirmizi Qasaba (Red Town), which developed rapidly during the reign of the succeeding ruler of Quba, Fatali khan. Fatali khan joined south Dagestan and the entire north east of Azerbaijan under his state. 

As a result of the economic rise and the friendly attitude towards Jews, the Jewish population of Qirmizi Qasaba, a small village in Quba, was rapidly increasing. Groups of Jews were coming here from different parts of Azerbaijan, as well as Iran, Turkey and Dagestan. Thus, the population of Qirmizi Qasaba was 3,000 in 1856, 5,120 in 1873,...

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Arch Bridge

Of the seven bridges that existed in the Guba region between the 17th and 19th centuries, this is the only one that still remains. This longest bridge was built in 1894 by Alexander III to strengthen Russia's military presence in the Caucasus, replacing a wooden bridge built over the Gudialchay river in 1851. Originally, a 19-span bridge was planned. However, due to landslides during construction, lower numbers were chosen. The bridge has 14 spans, a total length of 275 meters, and an 8-meter width. Because of its multi-span design, the bridge can withstand powerful massive flooding and mudflows that raise the river's water level. This is Azerbaijan's only bridge of this type from the nineteenth century. The bridge is now only used by pedestrians and offers a spectacular view of Red Village. It provides easy access to Red Village from Nizami Park, the city's oldest park. The bridge has been designated as an architectural landmark by the state. Many young Mountain Jews have relocated to cities to further their education and learn trades. The burnt bricks used to build the old bridge saw many changes in Red Village, from the heyday of religious life in the early twentieth century, when the village had 13 synagogues, to the arrival of Soviet power and subsequent religious repression, to soldiers being escorted to the front in World War II, many of whom never returned. It has come to represent the settlement and the close ties between two cultures: the Muslims of Guba and the Jews of Red Village.  

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Summary
Welcome to Azerbaijan, a country situated along the former Silk Road with deep traditions of hospitality, tolerance and multiculturalism – traditions so brilliantly illustrated by the story of the country’s Jewish community. Come discover a rare land where Jews have always felt at home
World Jewish Travel Official August 2, 2022

The Jewish Story of Guba, Azerbaijan

Quba Khanate (Guba) was ruled by Hussein Ali Khan in the 18th century. Under his rule, the capital was moved from Khudat to Quba which strengthened the economic foundation of his khanate. This included bringing in many craftsmen and tradesmen, many of whom were Mountain Jews from the destroyed settlement of Kulqat. They established a new settlement known as Qirmizi Qasaba (Red Town), which developed rapidly during the reign of the succeeding ruler of Quba, Fatali khan. Fatali khan joined south Dagestan and the entire north east of Azerbaijan under his state. 

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The building belonged to the mountain Jews has been operated in Baku since 1945. During the Soviet Power, after the end of the II World War an old building in the city centre was allocated for the mountain Jews to meet their religious needs.

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